Bump ruff, switch from black to ruff-format (#6631)

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 repos:
 - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-  rev: v0.8.4
+  rev: v0.9.3
   hooks:
     - id: ruff
       args: [ --fix ]
-- repo: https://github.com/psf/black.git
-  rev: 24.10.0
-  hooks:
-  - id: black
+    - id: ruff-format
 - repo: https://github.com/adamchainz/blacken-docs
   rev: 1.19.1
   hooks:

scrapy/commands/genspider.py

@@ -188,9 +188,9 @@ class Command(ScrapyCommand):
                 return True
             return False
 
-        assert (
-            self.crawler_process is not None
-        ), "crawler_process must be set before calling run"
+        assert self.crawler_process is not None, (
+            "crawler_process must be set before calling run"
+        )
 
         try:
             spidercls = self.crawler_process.spider_loader.load(name)

scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/__init__.py

@@ -34,13 +34,12 @@ class DownloadHandlerProtocol(Protocol):
 class DownloadHandlers:
     def __init__(self, crawler: Crawler):
         self._crawler: Crawler = crawler
-        self._schemes: dict[str, str | Callable[..., Any]] = (
-            {}
-        )  # stores acceptable schemes on instancing
-        self._handlers: dict[str, DownloadHandlerProtocol] = (
-            {}
-        )  # stores instanced handlers for schemes
-        self._notconfigured: dict[str, str] = {}  # remembers failed handlers
+        # stores acceptable schemes on instancing
+        self._schemes: dict[str, str | Callable[..., Any]] = {}
+        # stores instanced handlers for schemes
+        self._handlers: dict[str, DownloadHandlerProtocol] = {}
+        # remembers failed handlers
+        self._notconfigured: dict[str, str] = {}
         handlers: dict[str, str | Callable[..., Any]] = without_none_values(
             cast(
                 "dict[str, str | Callable[..., Any]]",

scrapy/core/http2/stream.py

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class Stream:
             url.netloc == str(self._protocol.metadata["uri"].host, "utf-8")
             or url.netloc == str(self._protocol.metadata["uri"].netloc, "utf-8")
             or url.netloc
-            == f'{self._protocol.metadata["ip_address"]}:{self._protocol.metadata["uri"].port}'
+            == f"{self._protocol.metadata['ip_address']}:{self._protocol.metadata['uri'].port}"
         )
 
     def _get_request_headers(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ class Stream:
         if self._log_warnsize:
             self.metadata["reached_warnsize"] = True
             warning_msg = (
-                f'Received more ({self._response["flow_controlled_size"]}) bytes than download '
+                f"Received more ({self._response['flow_controlled_size']}) bytes than download "
                 f"warn size ({self._download_warnsize}) in request {self._request}"
             )
             logger.warning(warning_msg)
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ class Stream:
                 ResponseFailed(
                     [
                         Failure(
-                            f'Remote peer {self._protocol.metadata["ip_address"]} sent RST_STREAM',
+                            f"Remote peer {self._protocol.metadata['ip_address']} sent RST_STREAM",
                             ProtocolError,
                         )
                     ]
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ class Stream:
                 InvalidHostname(
                     self._request,
                     str(self._protocol.metadata["uri"].host, "utf-8"),
-                    f'{self._protocol.metadata["ip_address"]}:{self._protocol.metadata["uri"].port}',
+                    f"{self._protocol.metadata['ip_address']}:{self._protocol.metadata['uri'].port}",
                 )
             )
 

scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/cookies.py

@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ class CookiesMiddleware:
     ) -> None:
         for cookie in cookies:
             cookie_domain = cookie.domain
-            if cookie_domain.startswith("."):
-                cookie_domain = cookie_domain[1:]
+            cookie_domain = cookie_domain.removeprefix(".")
 
             hostname = urlparse_cached(request).hostname
             assert hostname is not None

scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/offsite.py

@@ -89,5 +89,5 @@ class OffsiteMiddleware:
                 warnings.warn(message)
             else:
                 domains.append(re.escape(domain))
-        regex = rf'^(.*\.)?({"|".join(domains)})$'
+        regex = rf"^(.*\.)?({'|'.join(domains)})$"
         return re.compile(regex)

scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/robotstxt.py

@@ -63,7 +63,9 @@ class RobotsTxtMiddleware:
         if request.url.startswith("data:") or request.url.startswith("file:"):
             return None
         d: Deferred[RobotParser | None] = maybeDeferred(
-            self.robot_parser, request, spider  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+            self.robot_parser,
+            request,
+            spider,  # type: ignore[call-overload]
         )
         d2: Deferred[None] = d.addCallback(self.process_request_2, request, spider)
         return d2

scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/stats.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 
 def get_header_size(
-    headers: dict[str, list[str | bytes] | tuple[str | bytes, ...]]
+    headers: dict[str, list[str | bytes] | tuple[str | bytes, ...]],
 ) -> int:
     size = 0
     for key, value in headers.items():

scrapy/extensions/telnet.py

@@ -84,9 +84,7 @@ class TelnetConsole(protocol.ServerFactory):
             """An implementation of IPortal"""
 
             @defers
-            def login(
-                self_, credentials, mind, *interfaces
-            ):  # pylint: disable=no-self-argument
+            def login(self_, credentials, mind, *interfaces):  # pylint: disable=no-self-argument
                 if not (
                     credentials.username == self.username.encode("utf8")
                     and credentials.checkPassword(self.password.encode("utf8"))

scrapy/http/headers.py

@@ -105,7 +105,8 @@ class Headers(CaselessDict):
 
     def values(self) -> list[bytes | None]:  # type: ignore[override]
         return [
-            self[k] for k in self.keys()  # pylint: disable=consider-using-dict-items
+            self[k]
+            for k in self.keys()  # pylint: disable=consider-using-dict-items
         ]
 
     def to_string(self) -> bytes:

scrapy/http/request/form.py

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ from scrapy.http.request import Request
 from scrapy.utils.python import is_listlike, to_bytes
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-
     # typing.Self requires Python 3.11
     from typing_extensions import Self
 

scrapy/http/response/__init__.py

@@ -94,8 +94,7 @@ class Response(object_ref):
             return self.request.meta  # type: ignore[union-attr]
         except AttributeError:
             raise AttributeError(
-                "Response.meta not available, this response "
-                "is not tied to any request"
+                "Response.meta not available, this response is not tied to any request"
             )
 
     @property

scrapy/linkextractors/lxmlhtml.py

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ from scrapy.utils.response import get_base_url
 from scrapy.utils.url import url_has_any_extension, url_is_from_any_domain
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-
     from lxml.html import HtmlElement
 
     from scrapy import Selector

scrapy/pipelines/files.py

@@ -202,7 +202,9 @@ class S3FilesStore:
         return cast(
             "Deferred[dict[str, Any]]",
             deferToThread(
-                self.s3_client.head_object, Bucket=self.bucket, Key=key_name  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                self.s3_client.head_object,  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                Bucket=self.bucket,
+                Key=key_name,
             ),
         )
 

scrapy/selector/unified.py

@@ -81,8 +81,7 @@ class Selector(_ParselSelector, object_ref):
     ):
         if response is not None and text is not None:
             raise ValueError(
-                f"{self.__class__.__name__}.__init__() received "
-                "both response and text"
+                f"{self.__class__.__name__}.__init__() received both response and text"
             )
 
         st = _st(response, type)

scrapy/settings/__init__.py

@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ def iter_default_settings() -> Iterable[tuple[str, Any]]:
 
 
 def overridden_settings(
-    settings: Mapping[_SettingsKeyT, Any]
+    settings: Mapping[_SettingsKeyT, Any],
 ) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Any]]:
     """Return an iterable of the settings that have been overridden"""
     for name, defvalue in iter_default_settings():

scrapy/settings/default_settings.py

@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ TEMPLATES_DIR = str((Path(__file__).parent / ".." / "templates").resolve())
 
 URLLENGTH_LIMIT = 2083
 
-USER_AGENT = f'Scrapy/{import_module("scrapy").__version__} (+https://scrapy.org)'
+USER_AGENT = f"Scrapy/{import_module('scrapy').__version__} (+https://scrapy.org)"
 
 TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = 1
 TELNETCONSOLE_PORT = [6023, 6073]

scrapy/spidermiddlewares/offsite.py

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class OffsiteMiddleware:
                 warnings.warn(message, PortWarning)
             else:
                 domains.append(re.escape(domain))
-        regex = rf'^(.*\.)?({"|".join(domains)})$'
+        regex = rf"^(.*\.)?({'|'.join(domains)})$"
         return re.compile(regex)
 
     def spider_opened(self, spider: Spider) -> None:

scrapy/squeues.py

@@ -147,16 +147,24 @@ def _pickle_serialize(obj: Any) -> bytes:
 
 # queue.*Queue aren't subclasses of queue.BaseQueue
 _PickleFifoSerializationDiskQueue = _serializable_queue(
-    _with_mkdir(queue.FifoDiskQueue), _pickle_serialize, pickle.loads  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    _with_mkdir(queue.FifoDiskQueue),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    _pickle_serialize,
+    pickle.loads,
 )
 _PickleLifoSerializationDiskQueue = _serializable_queue(
-    _with_mkdir(queue.LifoDiskQueue), _pickle_serialize, pickle.loads  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    _with_mkdir(queue.LifoDiskQueue),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    _pickle_serialize,
+    pickle.loads,
 )
 _MarshalFifoSerializationDiskQueue = _serializable_queue(
-    _with_mkdir(queue.FifoDiskQueue), marshal.dumps, marshal.loads  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    _with_mkdir(queue.FifoDiskQueue),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    marshal.dumps,
+    marshal.loads,
 )
 _MarshalLifoSerializationDiskQueue = _serializable_queue(
-    _with_mkdir(queue.LifoDiskQueue), marshal.dumps, marshal.loads  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    _with_mkdir(queue.LifoDiskQueue),  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    marshal.dumps,
+    marshal.loads,
 )
 
 # public queue classes

scrapy/utils/curl.py

@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@ class DataAction(argparse.Action):
         option_string: str | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         value = str(values)
-        if value.startswith("$"):
-            value = value[1:]
+        value = value.removeprefix("$")
         setattr(namespace, self.dest, value)
 
 
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ def curl_to_request_kwargs(
     parsed_args, argv = curl_parser.parse_known_args(curl_args[1:])
 
     if argv:
-        msg = f'Unrecognized options: {", ".join(argv)}'
+        msg = f"Unrecognized options: {', '.join(argv)}"
         if ignore_unknown_options:
             warnings.warn(msg)
         else:

scrapy/utils/defer.py

@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ def deferred_from_coro(o: _T) -> Deferred | _T:
 
 
 def deferred_f_from_coro_f(
-    coro_f: Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _T]]
+    coro_f: Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _T]],
 ) -> Callable[_P, Deferred[_T]]:
     """Converts a coroutine function into a function that returns a Deferred.
 

scrapy/utils/iterators.py

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def xmliter(obj: Response | str | bytes, nodename: str) -> Iterator[Selector]:
         nodetext = (
             document_header
             + match.group().replace(
-                nodename, f'{nodename} {" ".join(namespaces.values())}', 1
+                nodename, f"{nodename} {' '.join(namespaces.values())}", 1
             )
             + header_end
         )

scrapy/utils/log.py

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from scrapy.settings import Settings, _SettingsKeyT
 from scrapy.utils.versions import get_versions
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-
     from scrapy.crawler import Crawler
     from scrapy.logformatter import LogFormatterResult
 

scrapy/utils/python.py

@@ -119,8 +119,7 @@ def to_unicode(
         return text
     if not isinstance(text, (bytes, str)):
         raise TypeError(
-            "to_unicode must receive a bytes or str "
-            f"object, got {type(text).__name__}"
+            f"to_unicode must receive a bytes or str object, got {type(text).__name__}"
         )
     if encoding is None:
         encoding = "utf-8"
@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@ _SelfT = TypeVar("_SelfT")
 
 
 def memoizemethod_noargs(
-    method: Callable[Concatenate[_SelfT, _P], _T]
+    method: Callable[Concatenate[_SelfT, _P], _T],
 ) -> Callable[Concatenate[_SelfT, _P], _T]:
     """Decorator to cache the result of a method (without arguments) using a
     weak reference to its object
@@ -313,7 +312,7 @@ def without_none_values(iterable: Iterable[_KT]) -> Iterable[_KT]: ...
 
 
 def without_none_values(
-    iterable: Mapping[_KT, _VT] | Iterable[_KT]
+    iterable: Mapping[_KT, _VT] | Iterable[_KT],
 ) -> dict[_KT, _VT] | Iterable[_KT]:
     """Return a copy of ``iterable`` with all ``None`` entries removed.
 

tests/spiders.py

@@ -338,9 +338,9 @@ class BrokenStartRequestsSpider(FollowAllSpider):
             if self.fail_yielding:
                 2 / 0
 
-        assert (
-            self.seedsseen
-        ), "All start requests consumed before any download happened"
+        assert self.seedsseen, (
+            "All start requests consumed before any download happened"
+        )
 
     def parse(self, response):
         self.seedsseen.append(response.meta.get("seed"))

tests/test_contracts.py

@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ class ContractsManagerTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 return TestItem()
 
         with MockServer() as mockserver:
-            contract_doc = f'@url {mockserver.url("/status?n=200")}'
+            contract_doc = f"@url {mockserver.url('/status?n=200')}"
 
             TestSameUrlSpider.parse_first.__doc__ = contract_doc
             TestSameUrlSpider.parse_second.__doc__ = contract_doc
@@ -567,7 +567,6 @@ class CustomFailContractPostProcess(Contract):
 
 
 class CustomContractPrePostProcess(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def setUp(self):
         self.results = TextTestResult(stream=None, descriptions=False, verbosity=0)
 

tests/test_downloadermiddleware_httpproxy.py

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class TestHttpProxyMiddleware(TestCase):
 
     def test_proxy_auth_encoding(self):
         # utf-8 encoding
-        os.environ["http_proxy"] = "https://m\u00E1n:pass@proxy:3128"
+        os.environ["http_proxy"] = "https://m\u00e1n:pass@proxy:3128"
         mw = HttpProxyMiddleware(auth_encoding="utf-8")
         req = Request("http://scrapytest.org")
         assert mw.process_request(req, spider) is None
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class TestHttpProxyMiddleware(TestCase):
 
         # proxy from request.meta
         req = Request(
-            "http://scrapytest.org", meta={"proxy": "https://\u00FCser:pass@proxy:3128"}
+            "http://scrapytest.org", meta={"proxy": "https://\u00fcser:pass@proxy:3128"}
         )
         assert mw.process_request(req, spider) is None
         self.assertEqual(req.meta["proxy"], "https://proxy:3128")
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class TestHttpProxyMiddleware(TestCase):
 
         # proxy from request.meta, latin-1 encoding
         req = Request(
-            "http://scrapytest.org", meta={"proxy": "https://\u00FCser:pass@proxy:3128"}
+            "http://scrapytest.org", meta={"proxy": "https://\u00fcser:pass@proxy:3128"}
         )
         assert mw.process_request(req, spider) is None
         self.assertEqual(req.meta["proxy"], "https://proxy:3128")

tests/test_downloadermiddleware_redirect.py

@@ -55,12 +55,12 @@ class Base:
             assert isinstance(req2, Request)
             self.assertEqual(req2.url, url2)
             self.assertEqual(req2.method, "GET")
-            assert (
-                "Content-Type" not in req2.headers
-            ), "Content-Type header must not be present in redirected request"
-            assert (
-                "Content-Length" not in req2.headers
-            ), "Content-Length header must not be present in redirected request"
+            assert "Content-Type" not in req2.headers, (
+                "Content-Type header must not be present in redirected request"
+            )
+            assert "Content-Length" not in req2.headers, (
+                "Content-Length header must not be present in redirected request"
+            )
             assert not req2.body, f"Redirected body must be empty, not '{req2.body}'"
 
         def test_max_redirect_times(self):
@@ -1243,12 +1243,12 @@ class MetaRefreshMiddlewareTest(Base.Test):
         assert isinstance(req2, Request)
         self.assertEqual(req2.url, "http://example.org/newpage")
         self.assertEqual(req2.method, "GET")
-        assert (
-            "Content-Type" not in req2.headers
-        ), "Content-Type header must not be present in redirected request"
-        assert (
-            "Content-Length" not in req2.headers
-        ), "Content-Length header must not be present in redirected request"
+        assert "Content-Type" not in req2.headers, (
+            "Content-Type header must not be present in redirected request"
+        )
+        assert "Content-Length" not in req2.headers, (
+            "Content-Length header must not be present in redirected request"
+        )
         assert not req2.body, f"Redirected body must be empty, not '{req2.body}'"
 
     def test_ignore_tags_default(self):

tests/test_downloaderslotssettings.py

@@ -93,6 +93,6 @@ def test_params():
     _, actual = downloader._get_slot(request, spider=None)
     expected = Slot(**params)
     for param in params:
-        assert getattr(expected, param) == getattr(
-            actual, param
-        ), f"Slot.{param}: {getattr(expected, param)!r} != {getattr(actual, param)!r}"
+        assert getattr(expected, param) == getattr(actual, param), (
+            f"Slot.{param}: {getattr(expected, param)!r} != {getattr(actual, param)!r}"
+        )

tests/test_engine.py

@@ -294,9 +294,9 @@ class EngineTest(unittest.TestCase):
         ]
         urls_visited = {rp[0].url for rp in run.respplug}
         urls_expected = {run.geturl(p) for p in must_be_visited}
-        assert (
-            urls_expected <= urls_visited
-        ), f"URLs not visited: {list(urls_expected - urls_visited)}"
+        assert urls_expected <= urls_visited, (
+            f"URLs not visited: {list(urls_expected - urls_visited)}"
+        )
 
     def _assert_scheduled_requests(self, run: CrawlerRun, count=None):
         self.assertEqual(count, len(run.reqplug))
@@ -496,9 +496,9 @@ def test_request_scheduled_signal(caplog):
     drop_request = Request("https://drop.example")
     caplog.set_level(DEBUG)
     engine._schedule_request(drop_request, spider)
-    assert scheduler.enqueued == [
-        keep_request
-    ], f"{scheduler.enqueued!r} != [{keep_request!r}]"
+    assert scheduler.enqueued == [keep_request], (
+        f"{scheduler.enqueued!r} != [{keep_request!r}]"
+    )
     crawler.signals.disconnect(signal_handler, request_scheduled)
 
 

tests/test_engine_stop_download_headers.py

@@ -67,6 +67,6 @@ class HeadersReceivedEngineTest(EngineTest):
         must_be_visited = ["/", "/redirect", "/redirected"]
         urls_visited = {rp[0].url for rp in run.respplug}
         urls_expected = {run.geturl(p) for p in must_be_visited}
-        assert (
-            urls_expected <= urls_visited
-        ), f"URLs not visited: {list(urls_expected - urls_visited)}"
+        assert urls_expected <= urls_visited, (
+            f"URLs not visited: {list(urls_expected - urls_visited)}"
+        )

tests/test_exporters.py

@@ -390,14 +390,14 @@ class CsvItemExporterTest(BaseItemExporterTest):
     def test_errors_default(self):
         with self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError):
             self.assertExportResult(
-                item={"text": "W\u0275\u200Brd"},
+                item={"text": "W\u0275\u200brd"},
                 expected=None,
                 encoding="windows-1251",
             )
 
     def test_errors_xmlcharrefreplace(self):
         self.assertExportResult(
-            item={"text": "W\u0275\u200Brd"},
+            item={"text": "W\u0275\u200brd"},
             include_headers_line=False,
             expected="Wɵ​rd\r\n",
             encoding="windows-1251",

tests/test_feedexport.py

@@ -1190,8 +1190,7 @@ class FeedExportTest(FeedExportTestBase):
             "csv": b"baz,egg,foo\r\n,spam1,bar1\r\n",
             "json": b'[\n{"hello": "world2", "foo": "bar2"}\n]',
             "jsonlines": (
-                b'{"foo": "bar1", "egg": "spam1"}\n'
-                b'{"hello": "world2", "foo": "bar2"}\n'
+                b'{"foo": "bar1", "egg": "spam1"}\n{"hello": "world2", "foo": "bar2"}\n'
             ),
             "xml": (
                 b'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>\n<items>\n<item>'
@@ -2289,9 +2288,9 @@ class BatchDeliveriesTest(FeedExportTestBase):
         settings.update(
             {
                 "FEEDS": {
-                    self._random_temp_filename()
-                    / "jl"
-                    / self._file_mark: {"format": "jl"},
+                    self._random_temp_filename() / "jl" / self._file_mark: {
+                        "format": "jl"
+                    },
                 },
             }
         )
@@ -2311,9 +2310,9 @@ class BatchDeliveriesTest(FeedExportTestBase):
         settings.update(
             {
                 "FEEDS": {
-                    self._random_temp_filename()
-                    / "csv"
-                    / self._file_mark: {"format": "csv"},
+                    self._random_temp_filename() / "csv" / self._file_mark: {
+                        "format": "csv"
+                    },
                 },
             }
         )
@@ -2331,9 +2330,9 @@ class BatchDeliveriesTest(FeedExportTestBase):
         settings.update(
             {
                 "FEEDS": {
-                    self._random_temp_filename()
-                    / "xml"
-                    / self._file_mark: {"format": "xml"},
+                    self._random_temp_filename() / "xml" / self._file_mark: {
+                        "format": "xml"
+                    },
                 },
             }
         )
@@ -2352,12 +2351,12 @@ class BatchDeliveriesTest(FeedExportTestBase):
         settings.update(
             {
                 "FEEDS": {
-                    self._random_temp_filename()
-                    / "xml"
-                    / self._file_mark: {"format": "xml"},
-                    self._random_temp_filename()
-                    / "json"
-                    / self._file_mark: {"format": "json"},
+                    self._random_temp_filename() / "xml" / self._file_mark: {
+                        "format": "xml"
+                    },
+                    self._random_temp_filename() / "json" / self._file_mark: {
+                        "format": "json"
+                    },
                 },
             }
         )
@@ -2384,9 +2383,9 @@ class BatchDeliveriesTest(FeedExportTestBase):
         settings.update(
             {
                 "FEEDS": {
-                    self._random_temp_filename()
-                    / "pickle"
-                    / self._file_mark: {"format": "pickle"},
+                    self._random_temp_filename() / "pickle" / self._file_mark: {
+                        "format": "pickle"
+                    },
                 },
             }
         )
@@ -2406,9 +2405,9 @@ class BatchDeliveriesTest(FeedExportTestBase):
         settings.update(
             {
                 "FEEDS": {
-                    self._random_temp_filename()
-                    / "marshal"
-                    / self._file_mark: {"format": "marshal"},
+                    self._random_temp_filename() / "marshal" / self._file_mark: {
+                        "format": "marshal"
+                    },
                 },
             }
         )
@@ -2455,9 +2454,9 @@ class BatchDeliveriesTest(FeedExportTestBase):
         for fmt in ("json", "jsonlines", "xml", "csv"):
             settings = {
                 "FEEDS": {
-                    self._random_temp_filename()
-                    / fmt
-                    / self._file_mark: {"format": fmt},
+                    self._random_temp_filename() / fmt / self._file_mark: {
+                        "format": fmt
+                    },
                 },
                 "FEED_EXPORT_BATCH_ITEM_COUNT": 1,
                 "FEED_STORE_EMPTY": False,
@@ -2478,9 +2477,9 @@ class BatchDeliveriesTest(FeedExportTestBase):
         for fmt, expctd in formats:
             settings = {
                 "FEEDS": {
-                    self._random_temp_filename()
-                    / fmt
-                    / self._file_mark: {"format": fmt},
+                    self._random_temp_filename() / fmt / self._file_mark: {
+                        "format": fmt
+                    },
                 },
                 "FEED_STORE_EMPTY": True,
                 "FEED_EXPORT_INDENT": None,
@@ -2520,25 +2519,19 @@ class BatchDeliveriesTest(FeedExportTestBase):
 
         settings = {
             "FEEDS": {
-                self._random_temp_filename()
-                / "json"
-                / self._file_mark: {
+                self._random_temp_filename() / "json" / self._file_mark: {
                     "format": "json",
                     "indent": 0,
                     "fields": ["bar"],
                     "encoding": "utf-8",
                 },
-                self._random_temp_filename()
-                / "xml"
-                / self._file_mark: {
+                self._random_temp_filename() / "xml" / self._file_mark: {
                     "format": "xml",
                     "indent": 2,
                     "fields": ["foo"],
                     "encoding": "latin-1",
                 },
-                self._random_temp_filename()
-                / "csv"
-                / self._file_mark: {
+                self._random_temp_filename() / "csv" / self._file_mark: {
                     "format": "csv",
                     "indent": None,
                     "fields": ["foo", "bar"],
@@ -2563,9 +2556,7 @@ class BatchDeliveriesTest(FeedExportTestBase):
         }
         settings = {
             "FEEDS": {
-                self._random_temp_filename()
-                / "json"
-                / self._file_mark: {
+                self._random_temp_filename() / "json" / self._file_mark: {
                     "format": "json",
                     "indent": None,
                     "encoding": "utf-8",
@@ -2591,8 +2582,7 @@ class BatchDeliveriesTest(FeedExportTestBase):
         ]
         settings = {
             "FEEDS": {
-                self._random_temp_filename()
-                / "%(batch_id)d": {
+                self._random_temp_filename() / "%(batch_id)d": {
                     "format": "json",
                 },
             },

tests/test_http_request.py

@@ -226,9 +226,9 @@ class RequestTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(r1.flags, r2.flags)
 
         # make sure cb_kwargs dict is shallow copied
-        assert (
-            r1.cb_kwargs is not r2.cb_kwargs
-        ), "cb_kwargs must be a shallow copy, not identical"
+        assert r1.cb_kwargs is not r2.cb_kwargs, (
+            "cb_kwargs must be a shallow copy, not identical"
+        )
         self.assertEqual(r1.cb_kwargs, r2.cb_kwargs)
 
         # make sure meta dict is shallow copied
@@ -236,9 +236,9 @@ class RequestTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(r1.meta, r2.meta)
 
         # make sure headers attribute is shallow copied
-        assert (
-            r1.headers is not r2.headers
-        ), "headers must be a shallow copy, not identical"
+        assert r1.headers is not r2.headers, (
+            "headers must be a shallow copy, not identical"
+        )
         self.assertEqual(r1.headers, r2.headers)
         self.assertEqual(r1.encoding, r2.encoding)
         self.assertEqual(r1.dont_filter, r2.dont_filter)

tests/test_http_response.py

@@ -99,9 +99,9 @@ class BaseResponseTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(r1.flags, r2.flags)
 
         # make sure headers attribute is shallow copied
-        assert (
-            r1.headers is not r2.headers
-        ), "headers must be a shallow copy, not identical"
+        assert r1.headers is not r2.headers, (
+            "headers must be a shallow copy, not identical"
+        )
         self.assertEqual(r1.headers, r2.headers)
 
     def test_copy_meta(self):

tests/test_item.py

@@ -289,9 +289,7 @@ class ItemMetaTest(unittest.TestCase):
 class ItemMetaClassCellRegression(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_item_meta_classcell_regression(self):
         class MyItem(Item, metaclass=ItemMeta):
-            def __init__(
-                self, *args, **kwargs
-            ):  # pylint: disable=useless-parent-delegation
+            def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):  # pylint: disable=useless-parent-delegation
                 # This call to super() trigger the __classcell__ propagation
                 # requirement. When not done properly raises an error:
                 # TypeError: __class__ set to <class '__main__.MyItem'>

tests/test_pipeline_files.py

@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class FilesPipelineTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
         class CustomFilesPipeline(FilesPipeline):
             def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None, item=None):
-                return f'full/{item.get("path")}'
+                return f"full/{item.get('path')}"
 
         file_path = CustomFilesPipeline.from_crawler(
             get_crawler(None, {"FILES_STORE": self.tempdir})

tests/test_pipeline_media.py

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ def _mocked_download_func(request, info):
 
 
 class UserDefinedPipeline(MediaPipeline):
-
     def media_to_download(self, request, info, *, item=None):
         pass
 
@@ -376,7 +375,6 @@ class MediaPipelineTestCase(BaseMediaPipelineTestCase):
 
 
 class MediaPipelineAllowRedirectSettingsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
     def _assert_request_no3xx(self, pipeline_class, settings):
         pipe = pipeline_class(crawler=get_crawler(None, settings))
         request = Request("http://url")
@@ -403,11 +401,9 @@ class MediaPipelineAllowRedirectSettingsTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.assertNotIn(status, request.meta["handle_httpstatus_list"])
 
     def test_subclass_standard_setting(self):
-
         self._assert_request_no3xx(UserDefinedPipeline, {"MEDIA_ALLOW_REDIRECTS": True})
 
     def test_subclass_specific_setting(self):
-
         self._assert_request_no3xx(
             UserDefinedPipeline, {"USERDEFINEDPIPELINE_MEDIA_ALLOW_REDIRECTS": True}
         )

tests/test_robotstxt_interface.py

@@ -27,10 +27,7 @@ class BaseRobotParserTest:
 
     def test_allowed(self):
         robotstxt_robotstxt_body = (
-            b"User-agent: * \n"
-            b"Disallow: /disallowed \n"
-            b"Allow: /allowed \n"
-            b"Crawl-delay: 10"
+            b"User-agent: * \nDisallow: /disallowed \nAllow: /allowed \nCrawl-delay: 10"
         )
         rp = self.parser_cls.from_crawler(
             crawler=None, robotstxt_body=robotstxt_robotstxt_body
@@ -140,7 +137,7 @@ class DecodeRobotsTxtTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(decoded_content, "User-agent: *\nDisallow: /\n")
 
     def test_decode_non_utf8(self):
-        robotstxt_body = b"User-agent: *\n\xFFDisallow: /\n"
+        robotstxt_body = b"User-agent: *\n\xffDisallow: /\n"
         decoded_content = decode_robotstxt(robotstxt_body, spider=None)
         self.assertEqual(decoded_content, "User-agent: *\nDisallow: /\n")
 

tests/test_selector.py

@@ -107,9 +107,9 @@ class SelectorTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         """Check that classes are using slots and are weak-referenceable"""
         x = Selector(text="")
         weakref.ref(x)
-        assert not hasattr(
-            x, "__dict__"
-        ), f"{x.__class__.__name__} does not use __slots__"
+        assert not hasattr(x, "__dict__"), (
+            f"{x.__class__.__name__} does not use __slots__"
+        )
 
     def test_selector_bad_args(self):
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "received both response and text"):

tests/test_utils_response.py

@@ -158,18 +158,18 @@ class ResponseUtilsTest(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         assert open_in_browser(r1, _openfunc=check_base_url), "Inject base url"
-        assert open_in_browser(
-            r2, _openfunc=check_base_url
-        ), "Inject base url with argumented head"
-        assert open_in_browser(
-            r3, _openfunc=check_base_url
-        ), "Inject unique base url with misleading tag"
-        assert open_in_browser(
-            r4, _openfunc=check_base_url
-        ), "Inject unique base url with misleading comment"
-        assert open_in_browser(
-            r5, _openfunc=check_base_url
-        ), "Inject unique base url with conditional comment"
+        assert open_in_browser(r2, _openfunc=check_base_url), (
+            "Inject base url with argumented head"
+        )
+        assert open_in_browser(r3, _openfunc=check_base_url), (
+            "Inject unique base url with misleading tag"
+        )
+        assert open_in_browser(r4, _openfunc=check_base_url), (
+            "Inject unique base url with misleading comment"
+        )
+        assert open_in_browser(r5, _openfunc=check_base_url), (
+            "Inject unique base url with conditional comment"
+        )
 
     def test_open_in_browser_redos_comment(self):
         MAX_CPU_TIME = 0.02
@@ -240,6 +240,6 @@ class ResponseUtilsTest(unittest.TestCase):
     ),
 )
 def test_remove_html_comments(input_body, output_body):
-    assert (
-        _remove_html_comments(input_body) == output_body
-    ), f"{_remove_html_comments(input_body)=} == {output_body=}"
+    assert _remove_html_comments(input_body) == output_body, (
+        f"{_remove_html_comments(input_body)=} == {output_body=}"
+    )

tests/test_utils_url.py

@@ -321,9 +321,9 @@ class GuessSchemeTest(unittest.TestCase):
 def create_guess_scheme_t(args):
     def do_expected(self):
         url = guess_scheme(args[0])
-        assert url.startswith(
-            args[1]
-        ), f"Wrong scheme guessed: for `{args[0]}` got `{url}`, expected `{args[1]}...`"
+        assert url.startswith(args[1]), (
+            f"Wrong scheme guessed: for `{args[0]}` got `{url}`, expected `{args[1]}...`"
+        )
 
     return do_expected